ABSTRACT Considering the concept of QUALITY of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understANDing of the factors affecting the QUALITY of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the QUALITY of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify AND compile the factors affecting the improvement of the QUALITY of life in middle AND small cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin AND Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis AND regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the QUALITY of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are effective in compiling AND selecting the indicators affecting the QUALITY of life. So, the indicators affecting the QUALITY of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's characteristics or the city's size. Examining study samples also shows that in small cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people AND the high importance of social AND cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts AND urban services in people's lives AND people's less communication with each other AND the weakening of solidarity AND social connections, indicators of urban services AND facilities AND economic factors have the most importance in explaining the QUALITY of life; this shows that the QUALITY of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction QUALITY of life is a multifaceted AND dynamic concept that can be different from city to city AND region to region AND can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue AND considering the concept of QUALITY of life equally in all cities has caused the level of QUALITY of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle AND small cities, in recent years. On the other hAND, considering the concept of QUALITY of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understANDing of the factors affecting the QUALITY of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify AND compile effective factors for improving the QUALITY of life in middle AND small cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin AND Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the factors affecting the QUALITY of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   Methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of QUALITY of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate AND structured factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. AND then, step by step regression method was used to measure the effective factors in improving the QUALITY of life in cities.   Results AND discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 factors were extracted in Zia Abad city AND 15 factors in Qazvin city as effective factors on the QUALITY of life in small AND middle cities. In order to present AND explain the factors affecting the improvement of the QUALITY of life in small AND middle cities, the factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method AND step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) factors were introduced in Zia   Abad AND (13) factors in Qazvin as the main factors influencing the QUALITY of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, factors such as life expectancy AND social relations, security, the state of urban services AND access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices AND housing have more effects in explaining AND improving the QUALITY of life. In Qazvin, factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green AND public spaces in the city, the state of security AND economic opportunities in the city, the density AND hope of urban, economic, AND cultural life, the state of roads AND leisure in the city are effective in explaining the QUALITY of life. Following this, according to the above findings, QUALITY of life is a multidimensional AND dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities AND the specific characteristics of cities. Therefore, the QUALITY of life AND its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its characteristics AND characteristics with citizens with different cultures AND thinking, which causes the factors affecting the QUALITY of life to be different. Therefore, considering the QUALITY of life AND its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the QUALITY of life AND the failure of QUALITY of life improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that QUALITY of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence AND progress of cities AND residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted AND dependent on place AND time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities AND communities about the concept of QUALITY of life AND the factors affecting it can be different. Following this, factors AND indicators should be selected according to the characteristics AND conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the QUALITY of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented factors specifically for middle AND small cities, which in small cities due to strong social solidarity among people AND the great importance of social AND cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts AND urban services in people's lives AND people's less communication with each other AND the weakening of solidarity AND social connections, indicators of urban services AND facilities AND economic factors have the most importance in explaining the QUALITY of life; this shows that the QUALITY of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using portulaca oleracea as a source of plant antioxidants for feeding fattening male lambs, on carcass traits, meat QUALITY, AND oxidative stability. Twenty-one male lambs with an average weight of 24±1.5 kg AND 150±15 days old were fed with one of the experimental rations included a diet without portulaca oleracea as control, a diet containing 7.5%, AND a diet containing 15% portulaca oleracea, for 84 days. The muscle (Longissimus dorsi) samplewas used to determine pH, chemical composition, colorimetric properties, AND oxidative stability of meat. Meat lipid oxidation was determined after 1, 7, AND 30 days of refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The use of portulaca oleracea in diets improved meat color characteristics such as L, chroma, AND Hue. The highest ash concentration AND the lowest meat moisture were observed in the treatment of 15% portulaca oleracea (P<0.05). Meat pH was the lowest in the first hour after slaughter but did not differ at 24 h. Compared to the control, in both treatment groups feeding the lambs with portulaca significantly reduced the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the meat of the lambs AND increased the meat oxidative stability (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding portulaca oleracea by improving properties such as color AND increasing the meat oxidative stability improves meat QUALITY, which may have lead to an increase in its nutritional value in terms of human health.

In order to investigate the effect of inorganic selenium replacement with organic selenium from Spirulina algae on performance AND breast meat QUALITY of broilers, a total of 160 one-day-old chicks were used in a completely rANDomized design with four treatments, eight replicates AND five birds per each replicate. The sources of selenium used included sodium selenite AND organic selenium from Spirulina algae which were replaced at two levels of 50 AND 100 percent. The organic selenium was produced by the culture of Spirulina algae AND its enrichment with selenium. The selenium content of different treatments was measured by ICP-Mass method. In this experiment, the feed intake AND body weight gain parameters were measured weekly AND feed conversion ratio was calculated. At 42 day of age, one bird was slaughtered from each replicate AND the weight of carcass ready to cook was measured. The breast meat was sampled for measurement of pH AND selenium storage. The results showed that it was not observed any significant difference in performance traits AND ready to cook carcass percentage among different treatments. There was no significant difference in breast muscle pH at 0 AND 24 hours after slaughtering. The amount of selenium deposited in breast muscle of birds fed organic selenium had significant increase when compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Generally, the results of this study showed that 100% replacement of sodium selenite with organic selenium from Spirulina algae led to increase in breast muscle selenium deposition without reduction in bird performance.

Iran is located in an arid AND semi-arid part of the world. Accordingly, the management of the water resources in the country is a priority. In this regard, determining the QUALITY AND pollution of surface water AND GROUNDWATER is very important, especially in areas where GROUNDWATER resources are used for drinking. GROUNDWATER QUALITY index (GQI) checks the components of the available water with various QUALITY levels. To assess the QUALITY of drinking GROUNDWATER of Yazd-Ardakan plain according to GQI in geographical information system (GIS) environment, the electrical conductivity, sodium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, pH, sodium adsorption ratio, bicarbonate, sulfate, potassium, water hardness, AND all substances dissolved in the waters of 80 wells were determined. The samples were obtained from Yazd Regional Water Organization from 2005 to 2014. Using this data, the map components were plotted by Kriging geostatistical method. Then, the map of GQI was prepared after normalizing each map component, switching to a rating map, AND extracting the weight of each component from the rating map. Based on the GQI index map, the index point which was 87 in 2005 has increased to 81 in 2014. These maps show a decline in GROUNDWATER QUALITY from west to the east region. This decline in GROUNDWATER QUALITY is due to the existence of Neogene Organizations in the east AND geomorphologic unit of the bare epANDage pediment in the west. The map removal AND single-parameter sensitivity analysis showed that GQI index in Yazd-Ardakan plain is more sensitive to the components of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), AND total hardness (TH). Therefore, these components should be monitored more carefully AND repeatedly.

In the current study, the qualitative status of potable well water was assessed using the GROUNDWATER QUALITY index during a course of 4 years (2014-2017). This study was carried out with an aim to monitor the drinking water resources from 12 potable wells on the multivariate analysis basis AND for determination of GROUNDWATER QUALITY index, the following 13 physicochemical parameters including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, total hardness, potassium, fluoride, bicarbonate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, AND nitrate were used. On the basis of Piper diagram, the results revealed that the type AND faces of samples were chloride-sodic AND bicarbonate-sodic respectively. GROUNDWATER QUALITY index level in the potable well water of case study area was 42. 89 to 56. 58 AND zone water was in the good AND medium range. Besides, 66. 7% of the wells were in the good range AND 33. 3% of wells were in the medium range of water QUALITY index. In this study, potassium AND fluoride level in all the zone wells was lower than the ideal level AND the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, magnesium AND sulphate in all the wells was higher than the ideal range for drinking purposes. Based on this study results, the potable water QUALITY of most of the study area wells generally in 2017 vis-à-vis 2014 had reduced AND its main reason was the presence of geology formations, agricultural runoffs AND absorbing wells in this zone.

GROUNDWATER QUALITY evaluation is very necessary to provide drinking water. GROUNDWATER excessive consumption can cause subsidence AND penetration of saline GROUNDWATER into freshwater aquifers in Ajabshir Plain, on the Urmia lake margin. The main goal of the current project was to evaluate the GROUNDWATER QUALITY by employing the qualitative indices of GROUNDWATER AND GIS. Ten parameters of 15 wells including EC, TDS, total hardness as well as the concentration of Ca++, Na+, Mg++, K+, SO4--, HCO3-AND Cl-were analyzed. At first, the maps of parameters concentration were prepared by the kiriging method. Then based on WHO drinking water stANDards, the maps were stANDardized AND ranked for drawing the maps of QUALITY indices. The results showed that QUALITY index changes were in the range of moderate (61) to acceptable (81). Removing the single map method of sensitivity analysis detected the QUALITY index was more sensitive to the K+ parameter. Finally, the QUALITY index from the eastern north to the western south of Ajabshir Plain AND the other areas was ranked in the acceptable AND moderate classes, respectively.

Aim AND scope: GROUNDWATER is the most important source of water supply in arid AND semi-arid regions. For this reason, its quantitative AND qualitative protection plays an important role in the development of these areas. This study aimed to use GROUNDWATER QUALITY parameters to develop a GROUNDWATER QUALITY index. Methodology: The GROUNDWATER QUALITY of Jiroft plain was studied using the GROUNDWATER QUALITY index (GWQI). First, the calculation process of mentioned index was discussed AND then the QUALITY of GROUNDWATER was investigated by it. In this study, parameters such as nitrate, phosphate AND arsenic were also assessed in addition to the main cations AND anions of GROUNDWATER. Finding: The spatial distribution pattern of the main ions is influenced by the geological units AND the direction of GROUNDWATER flow. The concentration of major AND minor ions is lower than permissible limits in most parts of the plain. Conclusion: According to the results, the GROUNDWATER has good QUALITY for drinking water in the most parts of the Jiroft plain. GROUNDWATER recharge by surrounding alluvial fans is the main cause of the good QUALITY of GROUNDWATER. Comparison of the map of GROUNDWATER QUALITY index zonation with classification of GROUNDWATER samples using Schuller method shows the usefulness of GROUNDWATER QUALITY index for evaluating the QUALITY of GROUNDWATER.